Kilimanjaro Trekking Tips

For over a century, Mount Kilimanjaro has been a magnet for adventurous souls. As the highest free-standing mountain in the world, its glacier-covered peaks give way to alpine meadows, verdant rainforests, and dark gorges that cover its slopes. Climbing this volcano is an unforgettable experience, offering trekkers the chance to witness the wonders of African nature as they traverse through varying climatic zones. The journey culminates with the morning sun illuminating the snow-covered glaciers at the summit, the highest point on the African continent. Reaching the summit of Kilimanjaro is a monumental achievement for most trekkers. However, careful planning is essential due to the distance and expense of traveling to this remote African country. Lack of information and inadequate preparation are the main reasons why even young and fit trekkers sometimes fail to reach the top. Conversely, armed with the right knowledge, climbers of all ages and fitness levels can successfully conquer Kilimanjaro. Unfortunately, some tour operators promote Kilimanjaro climbs too aggressively, without adequately informing hikers about the necessary safety measures and preparation. Climbing Kilimanjaro is often described as "easy," without mentioning the challenges of high-altitude acclimatization and its impact on climbers. Safety is often overlooked to maximize the number of clients. To help future adventurers avoid common pitfalls, we have created this guide. It answers the most frequently asked questions, such as what high-altitude acclimatization entails, what equipment is required, the best time to climb for a comfortable and safe experience, and how to get to Kilimanjaro. The guide also explains the differences between Kilimanjaro climbing routes, provides a glimpse into the inner workings of a successful climbing expedition, and prepares trekkers for the camping experience. In summary, the best time to visit Mount Kilimanjaro is from early June to late September and from late December to late February. These periods have minimal rainfall and are mostly sunny, ensuring the best views and a comfortable climb.

April-May. Mount Kilimanjaro has varying weather patterns throughout the year that can impact the climbing experience. The "big" rainy season starts at the end of March and ends in mid-May. This time of year is marked by lower numbers of climbers due to the high chance of rain during hikes. April also signals the start of the coldest period in Tanzania. From June to July, the frequency of rain decreases, and the weather becomes drier and clearer. Nights remain cold, but June is often considered underrated for climbing due to the excellent weather conditions and relatively quiet routes. As July approaches, the number of climbers increases, and most routes become busier. The peak climbing season is from August to September, as the weather is generally clear and somewhat warmer than in June and July. While the forest and moorland zones may be cloudy or rainy, the weather becomes sunny once you leave the rainforest behind. October is another great season for climbing, with favorable weather conditions lasting until mid-October, and fewer climbers on the routes. Although the weather becomes more changeable towards the end of October, it should not pose significant challenges if you are prepared for occasional rain showers. November is the "small" rainy season, with the possibility of rain lasting until mid-December. The temperature drops during this period, and mist covers the mountain, making the climb more challenging and exciting, but also riskier. Christmas and New Year's, from December to January, are the second busiest climbing season, although the lower altitudes of Kilimanjaro may have rain and thick clouds. Mid-January to mid-March is a popular time for climbers, with perfectly balanced weather - not too cold or wet. Although occasional rains may occur, the days are generally dry. Towards the end of March, the possibility of rain increases as the "big rains" season approaches

When selecting the best time to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, there are several factors to consider such as temperature, scenic views, traffic volume, difficulty level, and safety. Nevertheless, weather is the dominant factor that affects all of them. Mount Kilimanjaro is situated in an equatorial climate region, which means it has only two seasons - wet and dry. The wet seasons occur in April-May and November, and similar to other tropical regions, predicting the exact onset and cessation of rain is almost impossible. The remaining months constitute the dry season, which is characterized by mostly sunny days, although there is no guarantee of clear skies. The two primary climbing seasons for Mount Kilimanjaro are July-August-September and January-February. These months are preferred by many travelers as they coincide with the summer and Christmas holidays and offer ideal weather conditions for climbing the mountain. While the rainy seasons of April, May, and November may deter many climbers due to the likelihood of trekking in the rain, landscape photographers are fond of this time in Tanzania. The increased precipitation leads to more snow on the peak of Kilimanjaro, providing a chance to capture stunning images of the snow-capped summit. Additionally, the rainy season offers a respite from the crowds that typically populate the mountain's routes during peak climbing seasons. Nonetheless, climbing during the rainy season presents some risks as the rain can soften the soil and make the rocks slippery, which can slow down the climb and increase its danger.

The temperature on Mount Kilimanjaro varies across its four distinct climatic zones The rainforest zone (800m-3,000m) is warm and humid, with dense vegetation and average temperatures ranging from 12-15°C (20-25°C during the daytime) at 2,900m. This is where climbers usually spend the first one or two days of their ascent, depending on the chosen route. The low alpine zone (3,000m-4,200m) is a semi-arid region with increasingly sparse vegetation as one ascends. Climbers spend around one or two days in this zone, with average temperatures ranging from 5-10°C (15-20°C during the daytime) at 3,600m. The high alpine zone (4,200m-5,000m) is a desert-like environment where climbers spend their fourth and fifth days on the mountain, preparing for the final ascent. Temperatures here average around freezing point at 5,000m, but can still feel warm and comfortable during the daytime when the sun is out. The summit, located in the glacial zone (above 5,000m), has an average temperature of approximately -6°C. However, climbers typically begin their final ascent at midnight to reach the Uhuru peak by dawn, trekking in sub-zero temperatures that can drop as low as -20°C. With strong gusts of wind, the temperature may feel like it's below -40°C. Nevertheless, enduring the cold is well worth it, as climbers are rewarded with breathtaking views of the sunrise from the summit.

There are some additional points to consider regarding the weather when climbing Kilimanjaro. If you plan to climb during a less-than-ideal time, either to avoid crowds or due to holiday constraints, consider the Northern Circuit Route or the Rongai Route. These routes are located on the drier northern side of the mountain and are less crowded than the more popular Machame and Marangu routes. At Explore Active, we believe that Kilimanjaro can be climbed year-round with the proper preparation. For example, in September, you may only need one set of thermal underwear, Gore-Tex membrane gaiters, and boots, whereas in November, it's recommended to bring three sets of each to ensure a comfortable climb even if you get soaked. We offer tips on our packing list to help you prepare accordingly. Regardless of the season or route you choose, Explore Active is committed to making your Kilimanjaro climb a once-in-a-lifetime journey.

The map and routes of Mount Kilimanjaro offer various attractions, physical challenges, and acclimatization opportunities. Although some routes overlap, each route has its own unique features. The choice of route is crucial for summit success, so it is important to consider the pros and cons of each option. The Machame route (7 Day / 6 Day) is the second most popular, featuring great acclimatization and views, but can be busy during high season. The 7-day program is recommended over the cheaper 6-day option, which has a lower success rate. The Marangu route (6 Day / 5 Day) is the most popular and challenging, but it offers huts for overnights instead of tents. The ascent and descent follow the same path, but the views are ever-changing under the African sky. The Lemosho route (8 Day / 7 Day) offers excellent acclimatization and high scenic value, but is less frequented due to its remote trailhead. The 7-day option is highly recommended. The Northern Circuit route (8 Day) is the newest and longest option, but it provides an opportunity to explore the rarely visited northern slopes of Kilimanjaro without the crowds. The Rongai route (7 Day / 6 Day) is the only route with a trailhead in the northern part of Kilimanjaro, offering great views and a more private experience away from the crowds. Finally, the Umbwe route (6 Day) is the shortest way to Uhuru but has the steepest ascent and challenging acclimatization. It is recommended for experienced mountaineers only.

While scaling Mount Kilimanjaro does not require advanced mountaineering expertise, being in good physical condition can make the experience more enjoyable and memorable. You don't need to be an athlete to take on this challenge; if you can walk up to 15 kilometers per day with ease, you're physically ready for the adventure. To maximize your fitness level for the Kilimanjaro hike, there are some basic exercises that you can do. Cardio (aerobic) training is essential to optimize your body's oxygen consumption, allowing you to trek without getting out of breath despite the high altitude. Jogging, swimming, martial arts, and cycling are excellent examples of cardio training that can train your circulatory system to use limited amounts of oxygen efficiently. If you haven't been engaging in any aerobic activity for a while, it's best to start training 2-4 months before your Kilimanjaro adventure. However, if you regularly engage in physical exercise, you can continue with your regime. Taking a break from exercise for a few weeks before the climb is also recommended. It's worth noting that physically fit climbers are prone to overextending themselves by hiking too fast, especially during the initial days of the trek. This often results in the fittest climbers, including professional athletes, dropping out of the climb after 3-4 days, while less fit members of the group successfully reach the summit. Therefore, allowing sufficient time for acclimatization is crucial. Remember that being in good physical condition can help tackle fatigue, but it only has a moderate effect on your acclimatization transition. Regardless of how fit you are, always walk slowly.

Your guiding service will provide camping equipment, but you must bring your own hiking and clothing gear to ensure comfort and safety during your Kilimanjaro adventure. You will encounter five different climatic zones, ranging from hot and humid rainforest to sub-zero temperatures at the top of the mountain. Therefore, your gear should be well-suited to the changing weather conditions. Pack light clothes for the beginning of the trek, warmer ones for the middle, and a sturdy and warm outfit for the summit night. Don't forget to include an insulated waterproof jacket, pants, and rain poncho for protection against tropical showers. A high-quality sleeping bag is also essential. Be prepared for hot days (+25°C) and cold nights (-15°C). Proper hiking boots are crucial for your safety and comfort. Sneakers won't suffice, so invest in sturdy, well-fitting hiking boots that have been broken in. High-quality gear is recommended, but you don't necessarily have to buy the most expensive brand. However, avoid buying the cheapest models or fakes to prevent sores, blisters, and potential injuries. If purchasing everything is too costly, consider renting gear or individual items from one of the Kilimanjaro rental shops. Refer to our Kilimanjaro kit packing list for detailed information on equipment and gear needed for your climb.

Selecting the right footwear for your hike is crucial to ensure your safety and increase your chances of reaching the summit. Opting for high-quality, well-fitted boots is essential. It's recommended that you break them in before embarking on your Kilimanjaro trek by going on 2-3 less challenging hikes.

For your Kilimanjaro ascent, it's essential to choose both warm and breathable layers for your inner and outerwear. Avoid using cotton and prioritize finding clothes that fit you comfortably. We suggest considering reputable brands such as North Face, Mountain Hardwear, and RedFox for your clothing needs.

In addition to clothing, your Kilimanjaro packing list should also include durable and sturdy trekking poles, a headlamp with extra batteries, water bottles (or hydration bladders), and other essential items that can enhance the safety and convenience of your adventure.

Qualified medical personnel and good hospitals can be found in the Kilimanjaro and Arusha areas. Nonetheless, it is important to note that Tanzania may not offer some medical services and standards that are commonly available in Western countries. If you have a severe medical condition, it is essential to consult your physician before making any travel arrangements.

If you are not coming from an area where yellow fever transmission is a risk (refer to this WHO list), Tanzania does not require any vaccination for entry. However, it is advisable to get vaccinated for yellow fever, hepatitis (types A and B), rabies, and typhoid.

The fauna found on Kilimanjaro is not usually considered a significant risk to hikers. The most frequently encountered species are monkeys, honey badgers, and galagos, commonly known as "bush babies." While trekking, one might also have the chance to catch a glimpse of an elephant or buffalo on the northern slopes. These animals generally shy away from human interaction, and hikers are likely to view them from a safe distance. However, it is still crucial to exercise caution and respect these animals, following the guidance of expert guides when encountering them. It's also vital to be mindful of any signs of animal distress or agitation and take necessary measures to avoid any potential conflicts.

When traveling in Tanzania, it is advisable to take standard travel precautions. These include not leaving your luggage unattended, avoiding the use of unofficial taxis (and using those provided by the hotel instead), and refraining from giving money to strangers who approach you for help or sell goods on the street. It's better to purchase items from licensed shops to ensure the safety of your transactions.

To ensure a safe and successful trekking experience, it's recommended to opt for longer routes such as 7, 8, or 9-day programs over shorter 5 or 6-day ones. It's important to maintain a moderate trekking pace, ideally twice as slow as your usual pace. "Pole-pole" (meaning "slowly" in Swahili) should be your climbing mantra. Adequate hydration is crucial, so drink plenty of water and avoid caffeine. By adhering to these basic guidelines, you can successfully acclimatize to the altitude and trek smoothly

Altitude sickness is a serious medical condition that can occur when exposed to low-oxygen conditions. If not treated promptly, it can lead to severe forms such as high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) or high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE). Therefore, it's essential to inform your guide immediately if you begin to feel unwell. Altezza guides conduct two daily health checks on all climbers to assess their altitude adjustment and take note of their overall health status.

Regular medical check-ups are crucial when trekking at high altitudes. Your guide will conduct daily health assessments, measuring your pulse and bodily oxygen levels in the morning and evening. In some cases, a stethoscope may be used to listen to your lungs. It's important to attend these check-ups, even if you feel excellent, to ensure your health is monitored throughout the trek.

Medical kits available for Kilimanjaro treks contain common medications for altitude-related conditions like nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. Diamox is often prescribed to make the altitude transition more comfortable. However, if you require any specialized medication, it's essential to bring it along with you

Having an outdoor sports insurance package can be a financial lifesaver in case of unexpected situations. For all Kilimanjaro treks, it is an absolute necessity. The insurance policy should cover high-altitude trekking activities up to 6,000m/20,000ft, as well as helicopter evacuation. It's important to check with your insurance provider about coverage. Additionally, it's recommended to avoid booking with companies that do not require travel insurance.

If customers are unable to continue climbing Mount Kilimanjaro, the Kilimanjaro Rescue procedure will be initiated by our chief guide. They will provide assistance to ensure the customers safely return to the gate and receive medical attention if necessary.

During most days of your Kilimanjaro climb, you'll arrive at camp in the afternoon, where the camp crew will have prepared everything for your stay. Tents will be set up, and a hot lunch will be ready to replenish your energy. Your duffel bag will also be brought straight to your tent. At 18:00-18:30, the entire team will gather in the dining tent for dinner, followed by obligatory health checks and a briefing about the next day's program by the guides. You'll have free time on the mountain to engage in activities of your choice. Some climbers prefer socializing with others, while others enjoy reading or listening to music alone in their tents. Taking a nap to boost your energy for the next day is also an option. Each day on the mountain will help improve your acclimatization for the ultimate goal of summiting at Uhuru Peak. Acclimatization hikes are also essential to boost your stamina and acclimatization as you make your way to Uhuru Peak. These hikes are the most exciting activity in the camp, and your guides will inform you about them after the group arrives at camp.